The Ten Commandments, or Decalogue (from Greek δεκάλογος), is a list of religious and moral imperatives that, according to the Hebrew Bible, were spoken by God (referred to using several names) to the people of Israel from the mountain referred to as Mount Sinai or Horeb, and later authored by God and given to or written by Moses in the form of two stone tablets. They are recognized as a moral foundation in Judaism and Christianity, and their substance also figures in Islam.

The phrase "Ten Commandments" is generally used to refer to similar passages in Exodus 20:2–17 and Deuteronomy 5:6–21. The passages in Exodus 20 and Deuteronomy 5, traditionally divided into fourteen or fifteen verses, are each identified in the biblical text as containing ten elements. These passages declare the Lord, who brought the Israelites out of slavery in Egypt, to be their God; prohibit worship of other gods before the Lord, and the making or worshiping idols; threaten punishment for those who reject the Lord and promise love for those who love him; forbid misuse of the Lord's name; mandate observance of the Sabbath and honoring one's parents; and finally prohibit murder, adultery, theft, false testimony, and coveting of one's neighbor's goods. Various religions and denominations translate and interpret the Commandments in different ways.